HISTORY:
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
BOYS HOME & TRAINING SCHOOL
BELL ISLAND, 1945-1952
by Gail Hussey-Weir
Created June 2021 / updated July 2023
BELL ISLAND, 1945-1952
by Gail Hussey-Weir
Created June 2021 / updated July 2023
Introduction
The Boys Home and Training School (Newfoundland) was established under the Welfare of Children Act in 1944. It opened in January 1945 at Whitbourne on the side of the lake opposite the estate of the late Sir Robert Bond. It was felt that the surrounding country-side provided excellent opportunities for outdoor activities for the boys. Unfortunately, the building and its contents were completely destroyed by fire just 10 months after opening. While waiting for the means to rebuild in Whitbourne, the operation was temporarily moved to Bell Island, to the buildings formerly occupied by the Newfoundland Regiment during World War II. It remained in operation there until 1953, when a new building was opened in Whitbourne. In the c.1950 photo below of an Orangemen's Parade, looking east down Memorial Street from just in front of the Roman Catholic Church buildings that are out of the picture to the left, in the left background of the photo there is a group of low buildings. These were the buildings occupied by the Newfoundland Regiment during WWII and were now occupied by the Boys Home and Training School. Photo courtesy of A&SC, MUN Library, COLL-202: Lindsay.
Below is a cropped version of the photo zooming in on the Boys Home and Training School buildings:
Please note that this brief history is not meant to be the complete story of the Boys' Home and Training School. It is only meant to give that part of its history pertaining to when it was located on Bell Island, and some of the activities of the Home, along with the community's involvement with it. Most of the information was obtained from annual reports of the Department of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare, 1946-54.
In reading the following excerpts from the annual reports regarding the activities of the Boys’ Home and Training School in the 1940s and 50s, it must be remembered that life then was very different from today. Conditions were not far advanced from those of Dickensian England. The birth control pill was two decades away and many families were quite large, with 10, 12, 14 and more children being common. Education levels were low, as were wages for the labouring class. Children as young as 8 or 9 years old were taken out of school to perform whatever work they could get to help support the family. Home was a crowded place with so many children crammed into small quarters, so young people often moved out as soon as they were able. Social programs to help alleviate these problems were practically non-existent. To quote the first annual report of the Newfoundland Department of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare on the progress of the new Boys’ Home and Training School, “thus far it has been impossible to have a correct system of grading due to the utter illiteracy of most of the boys when admitted and the fact that some are mentally retarded.”
In reading the following excerpts from the annual reports regarding the activities of the Boys’ Home and Training School in the 1940s and 50s, it must be remembered that life then was very different from today. Conditions were not far advanced from those of Dickensian England. The birth control pill was two decades away and many families were quite large, with 10, 12, 14 and more children being common. Education levels were low, as were wages for the labouring class. Children as young as 8 or 9 years old were taken out of school to perform whatever work they could get to help support the family. Home was a crowded place with so many children crammed into small quarters, so young people often moved out as soon as they were able. Social programs to help alleviate these problems were practically non-existent. To quote the first annual report of the Newfoundland Department of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare on the progress of the new Boys’ Home and Training School, “thus far it has been impossible to have a correct system of grading due to the utter illiteracy of most of the boys when admitted and the fact that some are mentally retarded.”
The Mandate of the Boys' Home & Training School
The mandate of the Boys’ Home was stated by the Superintendent, John C. Brown,* in his first annual report of school activities when he talked about the placement of boys leaving the school: “Every boy admitted to this institution comes to us through the Director of Child Welfare for an indefinite term, depending mainly on how well and how soon he measures up to what is reasonably expected of him. Our job largely is to prepare him for the day when he leaves the institution and is given either work placement or sent to a foster home.”
[The reference to released boys being sent to foster homes seems to suggest that many of them were either orphans or were from broken homes.]
*(John C. Brown had previously been principal of the Church of England school at West Mines Bell Island, and was one of the officers of “J” Company CLB.)
From the 1st annual report, 1945-46, regarding supervision and escapes: “The number of escapes during the year has been few. In each instance the boy was quickly apprehended by members of the staff and returned....As far as possible, the ‘honour system’ is applied....We try to make the day as full as possible and, thus far, most attempts to escape have been made by boys newly admitted who are not adjusted to their new mode of living. Even with 24-hour supervision, it is not a simple matter to keep such a degree of vigilance to prevent any escapes whatsoever, particularly in an institution without walls and bars....We try to have consistent supervision without too much regimentation.”
From the 4th annual report, 1948-49:
“The old idea of this type of institution in particular, that is a house of correction for wayward youth, still lingers in the minds of many people, as being a place where any approach to normal living is foreign. Those, however, who are familiar with our work know that such is not the case. Our primary object is to give those who come to us for training, practical lessons in group living under conditions as near normal as possible. They are not suppressed but rather taught the fundamentals of self-discipline, clean living and other related values. In fact, in many instances, life for the boys is more normal than they have experienced heretofore....We avail of every opportunity to bring them in contact with the broader community. In this respect we appreciate the manner in which the people of the community have responded. While there are those who regard a training school as a detention home and consequently regard the work entirely from a penal standpoint, it does not deter us from endeavouring to treat the boys as social beings and as such to bring into their young lives a measure of home life, security and Christian training, so essential to every child. Every effort is made to restore trust and confidence in the boys and the ‘honour system’ is followed as closely as possible....It is compulsory for each boy to write home every fortnight...Most parents are concerned about the well-being of their children in our care and do not neglect to keep in touch with them. …To watch the teacher and boys at work, one would not think that any of the boys were guilty of bad behaviour in the past. Frequent admissions and discharges during the year together with the mental and educational retardation of newly-admitted pupils, create problems for the teacher and student, thus making it extremely difficult to introduce a smooth and effective academic system. It should also be remembered that the majority of the boys admitted have not been in regular attendance at school prior to their admission here, and are often hostile to school life and all it entails. The period of re-adjustment must therefore present special problems but, on the whole, satisfactory adjustment is made in a relatively short period, and a very noticeable improvement is evident.... One redeeming feature in this type of school is the fact that the educational programme can be more flexible than that of the ordinary school...On the other hand, while we speak of a training school individualizing a child’s needs...it does not work out in practice, where one teacher has to deal with a group of 40 or 50 boys...The age range is from 10 to 17 years and the grade range from Kindergarten to Grade X. There are 43 pupils in regular attendance at the present time, 3 others attending evening classes only, one of the 10 at Whitbourne attends one of the local schools there, while the remaining 9 are well above the school age and are following a vocational programme only. The average school grade retardation of those in attendance is four years. It is plainly evident that one of the principal underlying causes of delinquency is the failure to attend school. In all cases, the boys who reach us are retarded because of irregular or non-attendance at school. As a group, they are receptive and fairly intelligent and, under normal circumstances, they could have achieved success at school.
From the 5th annual report, 1949-50:
“Our most pressing need during the year was in respect to finding suitable work-placements for a number of our senior boys, who would normally have been placed, if avenues of employment had been more favourable. Once again, we would strongly urge employers of labour, and others who are in a position to assist us in providing jobs and suitable substitute homes for those whom we are endeavouring to prepare for their return to society, to demonstrate their interest in a more practical manner. It is futile to continue our efforts to reconstruct young lives, if, when they leave the training school, they are forced to remain idle because no man will employ them...The efforts of the officials concerned with the boys’ future will succeed only when fully supported by a socially conscious public.”
[The reference to released boys being sent to foster homes seems to suggest that many of them were either orphans or were from broken homes.]
*(John C. Brown had previously been principal of the Church of England school at West Mines Bell Island, and was one of the officers of “J” Company CLB.)
From the 1st annual report, 1945-46, regarding supervision and escapes: “The number of escapes during the year has been few. In each instance the boy was quickly apprehended by members of the staff and returned....As far as possible, the ‘honour system’ is applied....We try to make the day as full as possible and, thus far, most attempts to escape have been made by boys newly admitted who are not adjusted to their new mode of living. Even with 24-hour supervision, it is not a simple matter to keep such a degree of vigilance to prevent any escapes whatsoever, particularly in an institution without walls and bars....We try to have consistent supervision without too much regimentation.”
From the 4th annual report, 1948-49:
“The old idea of this type of institution in particular, that is a house of correction for wayward youth, still lingers in the minds of many people, as being a place where any approach to normal living is foreign. Those, however, who are familiar with our work know that such is not the case. Our primary object is to give those who come to us for training, practical lessons in group living under conditions as near normal as possible. They are not suppressed but rather taught the fundamentals of self-discipline, clean living and other related values. In fact, in many instances, life for the boys is more normal than they have experienced heretofore....We avail of every opportunity to bring them in contact with the broader community. In this respect we appreciate the manner in which the people of the community have responded. While there are those who regard a training school as a detention home and consequently regard the work entirely from a penal standpoint, it does not deter us from endeavouring to treat the boys as social beings and as such to bring into their young lives a measure of home life, security and Christian training, so essential to every child. Every effort is made to restore trust and confidence in the boys and the ‘honour system’ is followed as closely as possible....It is compulsory for each boy to write home every fortnight...Most parents are concerned about the well-being of their children in our care and do not neglect to keep in touch with them. …To watch the teacher and boys at work, one would not think that any of the boys were guilty of bad behaviour in the past. Frequent admissions and discharges during the year together with the mental and educational retardation of newly-admitted pupils, create problems for the teacher and student, thus making it extremely difficult to introduce a smooth and effective academic system. It should also be remembered that the majority of the boys admitted have not been in regular attendance at school prior to their admission here, and are often hostile to school life and all it entails. The period of re-adjustment must therefore present special problems but, on the whole, satisfactory adjustment is made in a relatively short period, and a very noticeable improvement is evident.... One redeeming feature in this type of school is the fact that the educational programme can be more flexible than that of the ordinary school...On the other hand, while we speak of a training school individualizing a child’s needs...it does not work out in practice, where one teacher has to deal with a group of 40 or 50 boys...The age range is from 10 to 17 years and the grade range from Kindergarten to Grade X. There are 43 pupils in regular attendance at the present time, 3 others attending evening classes only, one of the 10 at Whitbourne attends one of the local schools there, while the remaining 9 are well above the school age and are following a vocational programme only. The average school grade retardation of those in attendance is four years. It is plainly evident that one of the principal underlying causes of delinquency is the failure to attend school. In all cases, the boys who reach us are retarded because of irregular or non-attendance at school. As a group, they are receptive and fairly intelligent and, under normal circumstances, they could have achieved success at school.
From the 5th annual report, 1949-50:
“Our most pressing need during the year was in respect to finding suitable work-placements for a number of our senior boys, who would normally have been placed, if avenues of employment had been more favourable. Once again, we would strongly urge employers of labour, and others who are in a position to assist us in providing jobs and suitable substitute homes for those whom we are endeavouring to prepare for their return to society, to demonstrate their interest in a more practical manner. It is futile to continue our efforts to reconstruct young lives, if, when they leave the training school, they are forced to remain idle because no man will employ them...The efforts of the officials concerned with the boys’ future will succeed only when fully supported by a socially conscious public.”
The Boys' Home & Training School on Bell Island, 1945-1952
On November 30th 1945, less than 2 weeks after fire destroyed the original Boys Home and Training School in Whitbourne, the boys were moved to Bell Island to the buildings formerly occupied by the Newfoundland Regiment during World War II. With the war now over, the availability of buildings not too far removed from St. John’s, and at least somewhat suitable for the purpose, was probably why this location was chosen. The first annual report states, “These buildings are of temporary structure although very well heated. Essential repairs and alterations were made, and accommodation for 42 boys and staff quarters provided. All buildings in use have been equipped with fire axes, buckets, stirrup pumps and barrels of water stored for emergency purposes.” Eight single-storey buildings had originally been built to house the Newfoundland Regiment in 1941. These consisted of three barracks for soldiers, a cook house, two dining halls, a 40-bed hospital, and officers’ quarters. On September 16, 1942, 10 days after the first submarine attacks sank two ore boats off the south side of Bell Island, fire destroyed the 1941 buildings. They were rebuilt immediately. So the buildings were only 3 years old when they became the new Boys’ Home and Training School.
A note in the Submarine Miner, June 1959, stated that:
The flagstaff at the newly rebuilt Canadian Legion came from the PLM 27, sunk by a U-Boat in 1942. It had originally been made into a flagpole for the Boys’ Home.
In reading the annual reports for the years that the Boys’ Home operated on Bell Island, it becomes obvious that those in charge felt the temporary accommodations were inadequate and were expecting that the site at Whitbourne would be rebuilt in a timely manner and the operation moved back there. These are the comments from the 3rd annual report for the year 1947-48:
“In reviewing the work of the past year, I should like to begin by stating that we are realizing more and more the pressing need of better and more adequate services for the proper care and training of the boys under direct supervision. It is, to say the least, disappointing indeed to continue in our efforts to meet the basic needs of an ever-increasing number of boys in surroundings wholly unsuitable for such work. While the success achieved thus far may be regarded as fair, it is felt that under more favourable conditions the results would be far more gratifying. I am not anxious to inject a pessimistic note but it is a matter of grave concern to us at this stage of our work, to point out the vulnerability of our present position. It is hoped that before the current year ends, we shall be nearer something more permanent in regard to a new site and plant. As of March 31st, we have in residence 51 boys with a staff of 14 members....In order to give the service that is essential, there is an urgent need for sufficient living accommodation within the Training School for a larger number of boys with opportunity for the development of a more varied training programme.”
The summer of 1947 saw a Summer Camp established at the former Whitbourne site, mainly for the older boys to learn gardening skills, but some of the younger boys took part as well. This was repeated from June to September of 1948, during which time 34 boys were selected and permitted to spend one month “under canvas.”
Then, in November 1948, an extension service was set up at Whitbourne to help alleviate the over-crowding at Bell Island. (From the 4th annual report for 1948-49:) “Besides helping to offset the overcrowded conditions, it paved the way for setting up a graduating centre for a number of the older boys who would have the advantage of living together as a smaller family unit within their own age-group. Our vocational instructor, Mr. Ambrose Hutchings, and his wife were placed in charge, the same as cottage parents, and they have worked zealously and efficiently in providing the maximum care and supervision so essential to the well-being of the boys. At the moment, there are 10 boys in training there, where they are receiving vocational training suited to their needs, in woodwork, wood-carving, leatherwork, masonry and general maintenance work.” This extension service continued throughout 1949 with three additional staff assisting the Hutchings.
From the 5th annual report, 1949-50:
“The acquisition by the Government of that property at Whitbourne known as the estate of the late Sir Robert Bond during the early summer of last year [1949], provided us with the opportunity to enlarge and develop our somewhat meagre vocational programme. The property consists of about 70 acres of suitable farmland under cultivation in addition to its many acres of forest land. The location is ideally suited for an institution of this kind and when arrangements are completed in regard to re-establishment, the boys under our care and supervision will have improved facilities and opportunities, of which thus far they have been denied. …With the acquisition of the Bond property came the Bond farm, which was utilized to supply vegetables to the Bell Island branch of the school.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The main part of this institution still remained at Bell Island but the extension opened at Whitbourne two years ago also continued. For the purpose of this report we shall consider both centres as the one school, as indeed they are. …The farm property at Whitbourne was newly fenced by the boys and yielded root crops and hay to the value of about $2,500. After our own needs at Whitbourne and those of the Markland Cottage Hospital were supplied, the surplus was forwarded to St. John’s for distribution to our welfare institutions, including our Bell Island Training School. …At Whitbourne the boys have completed many fine projects in general woodwork such as tables, magazine stands, smoking cabinets, etc. As an article is sold, the boy who made it receives as extra pocket money half the amount for which it sells. The remaining half is used to keep working materials on hand. At the Bell Island Institution there is a Hobby Shop which is managed along similar lines.”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“This institution continued to operate in two sections, one at Bell Island and the other at Whitbourne. This report covers the overall programme for both. …Only the boys who were beyond school-leaving age and showed no aptitude for academic work attended the Whitbourne branch. There the boys lived under what one may term ‘the cottage system,’ and worked with the cottage parents very much as they would have in a normal home... There were not more than 12 boys in the Whitbourne branch at any time. …During September the school building [at Bell Island] was destroyed by fire.** Although we were able to prepare more accommodation almost immediately, the loss of all school equipment aggravated the problems of the teacher and upset the programme of the school for a considerable period.”
**The fire that destroyed the school building broke out at 11:15 p.m. on Sunday, September 9, 1951. The following report is from The Daily News, Sept. 10, 1951, p. 1:
Fire early this morning razed a single-storey wooden building housing the workshops of the Boys' Home and Training School on Bell Island. The blaze, which broke out at 11:15 [p.m. on the 9th], swept quickly through the building and was well under way when the fire brigade arrived...No official estimate of the damage was available...but the toll was expected to be high through loss of much valuable equipment in the building. The fire was in the centre of a group of buildings of the institution but fast work by the brigade kept it confined. There was no danger to the boys' residence, the superintendent's home or other structures of the institution, which cares for 40 boys. Cause of the outbreak was unknown. Superintendent John C. Brown was absent at the time of the blaze.
A follow-up story on September 12th gave the cause of the fire as a faulty fuse.
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
Of 57 boys who were released during the year, “we feel special reference should be made to the 14 who went either to employment or to the Armed Services. 10 of these were discharged to employment and in 4 cases we received unsolicited reports that they had worked well and showed every promise of making fine men. Of the remainder only two have shown signs of not having developed that sense of responsibility so necessary to continue life on their own. We learned some months ago with deep regret that one of our boys, who had joined the Army nearly two years ago, had paid the supreme sacrifice in Korea. …At the moment, we have a new Training School nearing completion at Whitbourne and it will absorb both of our present boys’ correctional institutions.”
From the 8th annual report, 1952-53:
“From November 1949 to January 1953, this institution continued to operate in two sections, one at Bell Island and the other at Whitbourne. In January 1953, the children in both sections were united by the opening of the newly constructed Boys’ Home and Training School at Whitbourne.”
“At Bell Island one of the most helpful and encouraging features was that the boys in the Training School were accepted socially by the people. There is every reason to hope that the overall programme of the new institution will be integrated with the community life in the new setting.”
A note in the Submarine Miner, June 1959, stated that:
The flagstaff at the newly rebuilt Canadian Legion came from the PLM 27, sunk by a U-Boat in 1942. It had originally been made into a flagpole for the Boys’ Home.
In reading the annual reports for the years that the Boys’ Home operated on Bell Island, it becomes obvious that those in charge felt the temporary accommodations were inadequate and were expecting that the site at Whitbourne would be rebuilt in a timely manner and the operation moved back there. These are the comments from the 3rd annual report for the year 1947-48:
“In reviewing the work of the past year, I should like to begin by stating that we are realizing more and more the pressing need of better and more adequate services for the proper care and training of the boys under direct supervision. It is, to say the least, disappointing indeed to continue in our efforts to meet the basic needs of an ever-increasing number of boys in surroundings wholly unsuitable for such work. While the success achieved thus far may be regarded as fair, it is felt that under more favourable conditions the results would be far more gratifying. I am not anxious to inject a pessimistic note but it is a matter of grave concern to us at this stage of our work, to point out the vulnerability of our present position. It is hoped that before the current year ends, we shall be nearer something more permanent in regard to a new site and plant. As of March 31st, we have in residence 51 boys with a staff of 14 members....In order to give the service that is essential, there is an urgent need for sufficient living accommodation within the Training School for a larger number of boys with opportunity for the development of a more varied training programme.”
The summer of 1947 saw a Summer Camp established at the former Whitbourne site, mainly for the older boys to learn gardening skills, but some of the younger boys took part as well. This was repeated from June to September of 1948, during which time 34 boys were selected and permitted to spend one month “under canvas.”
Then, in November 1948, an extension service was set up at Whitbourne to help alleviate the over-crowding at Bell Island. (From the 4th annual report for 1948-49:) “Besides helping to offset the overcrowded conditions, it paved the way for setting up a graduating centre for a number of the older boys who would have the advantage of living together as a smaller family unit within their own age-group. Our vocational instructor, Mr. Ambrose Hutchings, and his wife were placed in charge, the same as cottage parents, and they have worked zealously and efficiently in providing the maximum care and supervision so essential to the well-being of the boys. At the moment, there are 10 boys in training there, where they are receiving vocational training suited to their needs, in woodwork, wood-carving, leatherwork, masonry and general maintenance work.” This extension service continued throughout 1949 with three additional staff assisting the Hutchings.
From the 5th annual report, 1949-50:
“The acquisition by the Government of that property at Whitbourne known as the estate of the late Sir Robert Bond during the early summer of last year [1949], provided us with the opportunity to enlarge and develop our somewhat meagre vocational programme. The property consists of about 70 acres of suitable farmland under cultivation in addition to its many acres of forest land. The location is ideally suited for an institution of this kind and when arrangements are completed in regard to re-establishment, the boys under our care and supervision will have improved facilities and opportunities, of which thus far they have been denied. …With the acquisition of the Bond property came the Bond farm, which was utilized to supply vegetables to the Bell Island branch of the school.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The main part of this institution still remained at Bell Island but the extension opened at Whitbourne two years ago also continued. For the purpose of this report we shall consider both centres as the one school, as indeed they are. …The farm property at Whitbourne was newly fenced by the boys and yielded root crops and hay to the value of about $2,500. After our own needs at Whitbourne and those of the Markland Cottage Hospital were supplied, the surplus was forwarded to St. John’s for distribution to our welfare institutions, including our Bell Island Training School. …At Whitbourne the boys have completed many fine projects in general woodwork such as tables, magazine stands, smoking cabinets, etc. As an article is sold, the boy who made it receives as extra pocket money half the amount for which it sells. The remaining half is used to keep working materials on hand. At the Bell Island Institution there is a Hobby Shop which is managed along similar lines.”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“This institution continued to operate in two sections, one at Bell Island and the other at Whitbourne. This report covers the overall programme for both. …Only the boys who were beyond school-leaving age and showed no aptitude for academic work attended the Whitbourne branch. There the boys lived under what one may term ‘the cottage system,’ and worked with the cottage parents very much as they would have in a normal home... There were not more than 12 boys in the Whitbourne branch at any time. …During September the school building [at Bell Island] was destroyed by fire.** Although we were able to prepare more accommodation almost immediately, the loss of all school equipment aggravated the problems of the teacher and upset the programme of the school for a considerable period.”
**The fire that destroyed the school building broke out at 11:15 p.m. on Sunday, September 9, 1951. The following report is from The Daily News, Sept. 10, 1951, p. 1:
Fire early this morning razed a single-storey wooden building housing the workshops of the Boys' Home and Training School on Bell Island. The blaze, which broke out at 11:15 [p.m. on the 9th], swept quickly through the building and was well under way when the fire brigade arrived...No official estimate of the damage was available...but the toll was expected to be high through loss of much valuable equipment in the building. The fire was in the centre of a group of buildings of the institution but fast work by the brigade kept it confined. There was no danger to the boys' residence, the superintendent's home or other structures of the institution, which cares for 40 boys. Cause of the outbreak was unknown. Superintendent John C. Brown was absent at the time of the blaze.
A follow-up story on September 12th gave the cause of the fire as a faulty fuse.
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
Of 57 boys who were released during the year, “we feel special reference should be made to the 14 who went either to employment or to the Armed Services. 10 of these were discharged to employment and in 4 cases we received unsolicited reports that they had worked well and showed every promise of making fine men. Of the remainder only two have shown signs of not having developed that sense of responsibility so necessary to continue life on their own. We learned some months ago with deep regret that one of our boys, who had joined the Army nearly two years ago, had paid the supreme sacrifice in Korea. …At the moment, we have a new Training School nearing completion at Whitbourne and it will absorb both of our present boys’ correctional institutions.”
From the 8th annual report, 1952-53:
“From November 1949 to January 1953, this institution continued to operate in two sections, one at Bell Island and the other at Whitbourne. In January 1953, the children in both sections were united by the opening of the newly constructed Boys’ Home and Training School at Whitbourne.”
“At Bell Island one of the most helpful and encouraging features was that the boys in the Training School were accepted socially by the people. There is every reason to hope that the overall programme of the new institution will be integrated with the community life in the new setting.”
Boys' Home Activities at Bell Island
Vocational Training: consisting of handicrafts, gardening, shoe-repairing, construction repairs and maintenance, poultry-raising and daily household duties
From the 1st annual report, 1945-46:
Vocational training included woodwork, construction and maintenance work, shoe repairing, gardening and poultry-raising. “Under the supervision of Mr. Ambrose Hutchings, Vocational Instructor, the boys made a number of articles during the year, such as toys, small tables, chairs, cabinets and blocks....Many of our boys are keenly interested in this part of their training, some of them showing both aptitude and interest in working with their hands....All our boys participate in the work of keeping the home clean, serving in the dining room and performing the daily chores.”
The 2nd annual report for the year 1946-47 re training videos:
“We are greatly indebted to Major C. Carter, Director of Visual Education, for arranging a weekly film service for us since November last. Such a service is a valuable aid in our educational programme.
From the 3rd annual report, 1947-48:
“Our instructor, Mr. A. Hutchings, continues to give splendid service in this branch of training, being whole-heartedly devoted to his work. Besides the regular woodwork activities, all necessary repairs to plant equipment are effected. I should like to make special reference to the interest and assistance of Mr. D.L. Butler and his staff of Business Management in providing us with the necessary equipment and material for this work.”
Re property maintenance: “Staff and boys undertook to effect all necessary repairs to property during the year....if we are to remain here for another year, it will be necessary to make further temporary repairs and renovations to all occupied buildings this year...In the case of emergency repairs from time to time, the officials of the Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation have always cooperated. To them I should convey my thanks and appreciation as well as to the Superintendent of Works [of the Dept. of Public Works?] and his staff of the Building Division for their cooperation and assistance throughout.”
Re gardening at the Whitbourne Summer Camp: “In order to provide profitable outdoor occupation for our senior lads as well as to give those younger an opportunity of spending the summer months amid more suitable surroundings, a summer camp was operated on the old plant at Whitbourne. Under the supervision of Mr. Hutchings, vocational instructor, 28 boys were selected in all, divided into groups and given the chance of enjoying the activities and advantages associated with rural life....This project, though limited in scope, provided outdoor occupation and training for our boys, thereby helping us to carry out a worthwhile summer programme. Under our present set-up [at Bell Island], we are unable to provide sufficient outdoor work for our senior boys in particular. The acquisition of suitable land for agricultural purposes would solve this problem and at the same time would be a source of revenue for the institution.”
Major C. Carter, Director of Visual Education provides us with educational films from time to time, with Mr. J.R. Courage acting as projectionist.”
From the 4th annual report, 1948-49, re “crafts”: “During the year our workshop activities were expanded and recently the new workshop at Whitbourne has been set in readiness. There, under the direction and supervision of Mr. Hutchings, the boys are learning to acquire new skills in woodwork, woodcarving, leather-work and other related activities. The workshop at Bell Island has continued with afternoon classes for two groups. [Talks about furniture, toys and crafts made by the boys being sold, distributed and displayed, etc. Institutional furniture is repaired by the boys, etc.] ...[At Whitbourne], Mr. Hutchings continues to give good service in this branch of vocational training, while our utility man [unnamed] and Mr. Hammond of the Supervisory Staff have been of every assistance in continuing this work on Bell Island. Mr. D.L. Butler and his staff of Business Management continue to be of much assistance to us in the development of this part of our programme.”
Re the Vocational Programme [this seems to be referring to the younger boys at Bell Island]: “consists of handicrafts, gardening, shoe-repairing, construction and maintenance, poultry-raising and daily household tasks.”
Re gardening at the Whitbourne Summer Camp: The Whitbourne Summer Camp “was operated from June to September under the direction of Mr. Hutchings, with the assistance of a member of the supervisory staff. ...Some 34 [boys] were selected and permitted to spend approximately one month under canvas. ...In addition to our regular staff, we were fortunate in securing the services of Mr. E. Russell, Welfare Officer for Bell Island, for two weeks during his annual vacation. His experience and knowledge in working with boys, proved to be invaluable to us and was very much appreciated….As in previous years, we used the land at Whitbourne for gardening which, though limited in scope, proved to be an essential part of our summer programme. The results were not as good as in the previous year.”
Re gardening at Bell Island: "During the autumn, the boys cleared a piece of land at the rear of our Bell Island property and this will be available this year. Before making use of it we need material to repair the fence at the rear of the property."
Re shoe repairing: “The work of repairs to shoes, both for ourselves and for the girls at the Girls’ Home and Training School, was taken care of by the senior boys under the direction of our utility man.”
Re construction, maintenance and repairs: “During the summer it was found necessary to enlarge our poultry house...most useful project in carpentry. All essential repairs to property were effected by the boys, and the Dining-Hall and Kitchen were given a fresh coat of paint before Christmas. We are indebted to the Super. of Works and staff of Buildings Div....We are also grateful to the heads of the various Depts. of the Dom. Steel and Coal Corp., but for whose prompt assistance, in all cases of emergency in plant operation, it would have been impossible to maintain essential services, particularly during the winter season.”
Re poultry: “Last Spring we purchased an incubator and brooder for use in hatching and during the season upwards of 100 chicken were hatched, 26 ducks and 10 geese...we have 40 thoroughbred Barred Rocks and Hampshire Reds...In addition, we have 5 geese and 5 cockerels...During the year we produced 400 pounds of dressed poultry, which served to augment our meat supply, while our egg-production for the same period amounted to 400 dozen, which furnished ample supply for domestic requirements. ...The increased work involved in the raising of chicken and the general care served to provide good training and occupation for a number of boys. Further expansion in this direction would be worthwhile. Mr. Hammond of the Supervisory Staff is at present in direct charge of this work.” [Note: The poultry operation was probably at Bell Island, where all the boys were located in Spring 1948. As well, Mr. Hammond was located at Bell Island.]
From the 5th annual report, 1949-50:
“The extension of our services to Whitbourne...continued throughout the year...In order to offset in some degree the marked overcrowded conditions at the time and to provide greater scope for vocational training and employment for a number of our senior boys, it was decided to establish a small centre on the old site at Whitbourne, which would serve as a graduating centre for Bell Island boys-in-training. Boys who had passed the legal school-leaving age and who would benefit from a more practical training along vocational lines, were selected from time to time and transferred to Whitbourne. Our vocational instructor, Mr. Ambrose Hutchings, assisted by his wife and three other staff members, supervise operations there.”
Re farming: “With the acquisition of the Bond property came the Bond farm, which was utilized to supply vegetables to the Bell Island branch of the school.”
Re crafts: “Throughout the year regular classes in woodwork have been held at Whitbourne and Bell Island....Workshop activities at Whitbourne are under the tutelage of Mr. Hutchings while Bell Island activities of this nature are under the direct supervision of Messrs. Hammond and Durdle. In recent months a class in Fretwork was begun by Mr. Hammond and to date excellent progress has been made....Both centres will be sending exhibits to the St. John’s Handicrafts Division of the Dept. of Education for display during their annual exhibition in April, as was done last year.”
Re repairs and maintenance: “During the year they painted ...the classrooms on Bell Island. They also helped with all emergency jobs and generally shared in the general upkeep.”
Re poultry: “Our egg-production for the year amounted to 350 dozen [down 50 dozen from last year]....Once we have become resettled at Whitbourne it would be worthwhile to develop this branch of our programme considerably.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The farm property at Whitbourne was newly fenced by the boys and yielded root crops and hay to the value of about $2,500. After our own needs at Whitbourne and those of the Markland Cottage Hospital were supplied, the surplus was forwarded to St. John’s for distribution to our welfare institutions, including our Bell Island Training School.”
“At Whitbourne the boys have completed many fine projects in general woodwork such as tables, magazine stands, smoking cabinets, etc. As an article is sold, the boy who made it receives as extra pocket money half the amount for which it sells. The remaining half is used to keep working materials on hand. At the Bell Island Institution there is a Hobby Shop which is managed along similar lines.”
“In the matter of repairs and maintenance to the plant, shoe-repairing and sundry work, the boys participate. They also receive as much training as possible in home care and they are expected to share in all activities bearing on the welfare of the whole group.”
“At Bell Island a number of hens are kept. During the year over one hundred pounds of dressed poultry from their stock were used and egg production was about 400 dozen. The boys were responsible for the care of these hens.”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“This institution continued to operate in two sections, one at Bell Island and the other at Whitbourne. Only the boys who were beyond school-leaving age and showed no aptitude for academic work attended the Whitbourne branch [where they took vocational training only]. There were not more than 12 boys in the Whitbourne branch at any time.”
“At Bell Island the boys attended regular periods daily in the Hobby Shop where they experienced many object lessons in social studies, which correlated formal education with the creative teaching which the shop afforded. The instructor organized a Hobby Club which served to stimulate keen interest. In addition, during the latter part of the year equipment necessary to give instruction in shoe repairing was obtained and classes have just started in this craft. The boys cared for some 60 hens which produced eggs to the value of about $700. They also assumed certain responsibilities and duties essential to the well-being of the Home.”
Vocational training included woodwork, construction and maintenance work, shoe repairing, gardening and poultry-raising. “Under the supervision of Mr. Ambrose Hutchings, Vocational Instructor, the boys made a number of articles during the year, such as toys, small tables, chairs, cabinets and blocks....Many of our boys are keenly interested in this part of their training, some of them showing both aptitude and interest in working with their hands....All our boys participate in the work of keeping the home clean, serving in the dining room and performing the daily chores.”
The 2nd annual report for the year 1946-47 re training videos:
“We are greatly indebted to Major C. Carter, Director of Visual Education, for arranging a weekly film service for us since November last. Such a service is a valuable aid in our educational programme.
From the 3rd annual report, 1947-48:
“Our instructor, Mr. A. Hutchings, continues to give splendid service in this branch of training, being whole-heartedly devoted to his work. Besides the regular woodwork activities, all necessary repairs to plant equipment are effected. I should like to make special reference to the interest and assistance of Mr. D.L. Butler and his staff of Business Management in providing us with the necessary equipment and material for this work.”
Re property maintenance: “Staff and boys undertook to effect all necessary repairs to property during the year....if we are to remain here for another year, it will be necessary to make further temporary repairs and renovations to all occupied buildings this year...In the case of emergency repairs from time to time, the officials of the Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation have always cooperated. To them I should convey my thanks and appreciation as well as to the Superintendent of Works [of the Dept. of Public Works?] and his staff of the Building Division for their cooperation and assistance throughout.”
Re gardening at the Whitbourne Summer Camp: “In order to provide profitable outdoor occupation for our senior lads as well as to give those younger an opportunity of spending the summer months amid more suitable surroundings, a summer camp was operated on the old plant at Whitbourne. Under the supervision of Mr. Hutchings, vocational instructor, 28 boys were selected in all, divided into groups and given the chance of enjoying the activities and advantages associated with rural life....This project, though limited in scope, provided outdoor occupation and training for our boys, thereby helping us to carry out a worthwhile summer programme. Under our present set-up [at Bell Island], we are unable to provide sufficient outdoor work for our senior boys in particular. The acquisition of suitable land for agricultural purposes would solve this problem and at the same time would be a source of revenue for the institution.”
Major C. Carter, Director of Visual Education provides us with educational films from time to time, with Mr. J.R. Courage acting as projectionist.”
From the 4th annual report, 1948-49, re “crafts”: “During the year our workshop activities were expanded and recently the new workshop at Whitbourne has been set in readiness. There, under the direction and supervision of Mr. Hutchings, the boys are learning to acquire new skills in woodwork, woodcarving, leather-work and other related activities. The workshop at Bell Island has continued with afternoon classes for two groups. [Talks about furniture, toys and crafts made by the boys being sold, distributed and displayed, etc. Institutional furniture is repaired by the boys, etc.] ...[At Whitbourne], Mr. Hutchings continues to give good service in this branch of vocational training, while our utility man [unnamed] and Mr. Hammond of the Supervisory Staff have been of every assistance in continuing this work on Bell Island. Mr. D.L. Butler and his staff of Business Management continue to be of much assistance to us in the development of this part of our programme.”
Re the Vocational Programme [this seems to be referring to the younger boys at Bell Island]: “consists of handicrafts, gardening, shoe-repairing, construction and maintenance, poultry-raising and daily household tasks.”
Re gardening at the Whitbourne Summer Camp: The Whitbourne Summer Camp “was operated from June to September under the direction of Mr. Hutchings, with the assistance of a member of the supervisory staff. ...Some 34 [boys] were selected and permitted to spend approximately one month under canvas. ...In addition to our regular staff, we were fortunate in securing the services of Mr. E. Russell, Welfare Officer for Bell Island, for two weeks during his annual vacation. His experience and knowledge in working with boys, proved to be invaluable to us and was very much appreciated….As in previous years, we used the land at Whitbourne for gardening which, though limited in scope, proved to be an essential part of our summer programme. The results were not as good as in the previous year.”
Re gardening at Bell Island: "During the autumn, the boys cleared a piece of land at the rear of our Bell Island property and this will be available this year. Before making use of it we need material to repair the fence at the rear of the property."
Re shoe repairing: “The work of repairs to shoes, both for ourselves and for the girls at the Girls’ Home and Training School, was taken care of by the senior boys under the direction of our utility man.”
Re construction, maintenance and repairs: “During the summer it was found necessary to enlarge our poultry house...most useful project in carpentry. All essential repairs to property were effected by the boys, and the Dining-Hall and Kitchen were given a fresh coat of paint before Christmas. We are indebted to the Super. of Works and staff of Buildings Div....We are also grateful to the heads of the various Depts. of the Dom. Steel and Coal Corp., but for whose prompt assistance, in all cases of emergency in plant operation, it would have been impossible to maintain essential services, particularly during the winter season.”
Re poultry: “Last Spring we purchased an incubator and brooder for use in hatching and during the season upwards of 100 chicken were hatched, 26 ducks and 10 geese...we have 40 thoroughbred Barred Rocks and Hampshire Reds...In addition, we have 5 geese and 5 cockerels...During the year we produced 400 pounds of dressed poultry, which served to augment our meat supply, while our egg-production for the same period amounted to 400 dozen, which furnished ample supply for domestic requirements. ...The increased work involved in the raising of chicken and the general care served to provide good training and occupation for a number of boys. Further expansion in this direction would be worthwhile. Mr. Hammond of the Supervisory Staff is at present in direct charge of this work.” [Note: The poultry operation was probably at Bell Island, where all the boys were located in Spring 1948. As well, Mr. Hammond was located at Bell Island.]
From the 5th annual report, 1949-50:
“The extension of our services to Whitbourne...continued throughout the year...In order to offset in some degree the marked overcrowded conditions at the time and to provide greater scope for vocational training and employment for a number of our senior boys, it was decided to establish a small centre on the old site at Whitbourne, which would serve as a graduating centre for Bell Island boys-in-training. Boys who had passed the legal school-leaving age and who would benefit from a more practical training along vocational lines, were selected from time to time and transferred to Whitbourne. Our vocational instructor, Mr. Ambrose Hutchings, assisted by his wife and three other staff members, supervise operations there.”
Re farming: “With the acquisition of the Bond property came the Bond farm, which was utilized to supply vegetables to the Bell Island branch of the school.”
Re crafts: “Throughout the year regular classes in woodwork have been held at Whitbourne and Bell Island....Workshop activities at Whitbourne are under the tutelage of Mr. Hutchings while Bell Island activities of this nature are under the direct supervision of Messrs. Hammond and Durdle. In recent months a class in Fretwork was begun by Mr. Hammond and to date excellent progress has been made....Both centres will be sending exhibits to the St. John’s Handicrafts Division of the Dept. of Education for display during their annual exhibition in April, as was done last year.”
Re repairs and maintenance: “During the year they painted ...the classrooms on Bell Island. They also helped with all emergency jobs and generally shared in the general upkeep.”
Re poultry: “Our egg-production for the year amounted to 350 dozen [down 50 dozen from last year]....Once we have become resettled at Whitbourne it would be worthwhile to develop this branch of our programme considerably.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The farm property at Whitbourne was newly fenced by the boys and yielded root crops and hay to the value of about $2,500. After our own needs at Whitbourne and those of the Markland Cottage Hospital were supplied, the surplus was forwarded to St. John’s for distribution to our welfare institutions, including our Bell Island Training School.”
“At Whitbourne the boys have completed many fine projects in general woodwork such as tables, magazine stands, smoking cabinets, etc. As an article is sold, the boy who made it receives as extra pocket money half the amount for which it sells. The remaining half is used to keep working materials on hand. At the Bell Island Institution there is a Hobby Shop which is managed along similar lines.”
“In the matter of repairs and maintenance to the plant, shoe-repairing and sundry work, the boys participate. They also receive as much training as possible in home care and they are expected to share in all activities bearing on the welfare of the whole group.”
“At Bell Island a number of hens are kept. During the year over one hundred pounds of dressed poultry from their stock were used and egg production was about 400 dozen. The boys were responsible for the care of these hens.”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“This institution continued to operate in two sections, one at Bell Island and the other at Whitbourne. Only the boys who were beyond school-leaving age and showed no aptitude for academic work attended the Whitbourne branch [where they took vocational training only]. There were not more than 12 boys in the Whitbourne branch at any time.”
“At Bell Island the boys attended regular periods daily in the Hobby Shop where they experienced many object lessons in social studies, which correlated formal education with the creative teaching which the shop afforded. The instructor organized a Hobby Club which served to stimulate keen interest. In addition, during the latter part of the year equipment necessary to give instruction in shoe repairing was obtained and classes have just started in this craft. The boys cared for some 60 hens which produced eggs to the value of about $700. They also assumed certain responsibilities and duties essential to the well-being of the Home.”
Religious Training
From the 1st annual report, 1945-46:
“The spiritual development of the boys is by no means relegated to the background. In this education every co-operation is obtained from the various church leaders in the community.”
Regarding religious training, “Provision is made in our programme for religious instruction and devotions, with arrangements made for the clergy of each religious denomination to visit the Home for such purposes. The boys are also permitted to attend their respective churches on Sunday mornings, accompanied by a member of the staff. We are deeply concerned at all times regarding the spiritual well-being of the boys, and we try to impress upon the staff that they are all teachers of the principles of honesty, morality and responsibility. It is encouraging to know that the heads of the churches in our midst fully cooperate with us in this phase of our work. We reserve one part of our institution for a chapel.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The spiritual development of the boys is by no means relegated to the background. In this education every co-operation is obtained from the various church leaders in the community.”
“The spiritual development of the boys is by no means relegated to the background. In this education every co-operation is obtained from the various church leaders in the community.”
Regarding religious training, “Provision is made in our programme for religious instruction and devotions, with arrangements made for the clergy of each religious denomination to visit the Home for such purposes. The boys are also permitted to attend their respective churches on Sunday mornings, accompanied by a member of the staff. We are deeply concerned at all times regarding the spiritual well-being of the boys, and we try to impress upon the staff that they are all teachers of the principles of honesty, morality and responsibility. It is encouraging to know that the heads of the churches in our midst fully cooperate with us in this phase of our work. We reserve one part of our institution for a chapel.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The spiritual development of the boys is by no means relegated to the background. In this education every co-operation is obtained from the various church leaders in the community.”
Other Activities: school magazine, library, sports & recreation
From the 1st annual report, 1945-46:
The first edition of a “magazine” was in preparation at the writing of the first annual report in March 1946. “This has been made possible through the joint efforts of the boys and staff, Mr. Christopher being primarily responsible for editing and making the necessary arrangements.”
The 2nd annual report for the year 1946-47 noted that:
During the year we have succeeded in establishing a Boys’ Library, made possible through generous donations of books and magazines from various sources.”
From the 3rd annual report for the year 1947-48, recreation:
“Activities are directed by members of our supervisory staff. Deserving of special mention for his valuable assistance in regular instructions in music, singing and dramatics, is Mr. E. Russell, Welfare Officer for this area. This splendid piece of voluntary service on his part is highly appreciated by all.
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The recreational activities of the boys have been somewhat limited due to the lack of a gymnasium. Nevertheless, a fairly rounded programme has been possible. Camping, football, baseball, hockey, bowling, table tennis and movies have been the chief forms of recreation and exercise.” [This was the first report of sporting activities.]
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“Physical training was a daily feature of the programme. There was supervised instruction in field games, ice hockey, and indoor games. The Annual Summer Camp was held at Dildo... Supervised reading periods, radio programmes, home movies and free monthly showings at the local picture houses, arranged by the Kiwanis Service Club of Bell Island, added to the overall programme.”
From the 8th annual report, 1952-53:
“A very important part of the boys’ training centres around the opportunity for indoor games and entertainment. Throughout the year the boys played competitive games with outside school groups and were among the best of the Junior Baseball League of Bell Island. On several occasions the Kiwanis Club of Bell Island provided entertainment. At Christmas, Rotary assisted in providing gifts for the tree and the Christian League. Fort Pepperrell sent 10 pairs of boots and skates which made it possible for every boy to be on the ice at the same time. Magazines from various people have been received.”
The first edition of a “magazine” was in preparation at the writing of the first annual report in March 1946. “This has been made possible through the joint efforts of the boys and staff, Mr. Christopher being primarily responsible for editing and making the necessary arrangements.”
The 2nd annual report for the year 1946-47 noted that:
During the year we have succeeded in establishing a Boys’ Library, made possible through generous donations of books and magazines from various sources.”
From the 3rd annual report for the year 1947-48, recreation:
“Activities are directed by members of our supervisory staff. Deserving of special mention for his valuable assistance in regular instructions in music, singing and dramatics, is Mr. E. Russell, Welfare Officer for this area. This splendid piece of voluntary service on his part is highly appreciated by all.
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The recreational activities of the boys have been somewhat limited due to the lack of a gymnasium. Nevertheless, a fairly rounded programme has been possible. Camping, football, baseball, hockey, bowling, table tennis and movies have been the chief forms of recreation and exercise.” [This was the first report of sporting activities.]
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“Physical training was a daily feature of the programme. There was supervised instruction in field games, ice hockey, and indoor games. The Annual Summer Camp was held at Dildo... Supervised reading periods, radio programmes, home movies and free monthly showings at the local picture houses, arranged by the Kiwanis Service Club of Bell Island, added to the overall programme.”
From the 8th annual report, 1952-53:
“A very important part of the boys’ training centres around the opportunity for indoor games and entertainment. Throughout the year the boys played competitive games with outside school groups and were among the best of the Junior Baseball League of Bell Island. On several occasions the Kiwanis Club of Bell Island provided entertainment. At Christmas, Rotary assisted in providing gifts for the tree and the Christian League. Fort Pepperrell sent 10 pairs of boots and skates which made it possible for every boy to be on the ice at the same time. Magazines from various people have been received.”
Staffing
From the 1st annual report, 1945-46, regarding staff : “There were a few changes on our staff during the year. On moving to Bell Island we had to increase our staff and I am grateful to those who remained with us during the emergency period [following the fire that destroyed the original building at Whitbourne] and who at some inconvenience to themselves continued to render faithful service. The loss, to some of them, of their personal belongings added in no small measure to their discomforts at the time.”
From the 2nd annual report, 1946-47, for the 2nd year of operation at Bell Island, there was a staff of 14.
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51: “Unfortunately no replacement was obtainable for one of the teachers who resigned in June. Obviously the remaining [academic] teacher could not do justice to a group of boys so retarded [in their education].”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52: “Due to the scarcity of teachers we were obliged to carry on with only one [academic teacher], who obviously could not do justice to a group of boys so retarded [in their education]. The situation was greatly eased by the voluntary effort of the Matron, Mrs. J. Brown, who was formerly a teacher. She took the lower grades in a separate room for individual instruction for one period every morning until the school building was destroyed by fire, when she was forced to discontinue for lack of suitable space. …While we have been fortunate in retaining the services of certain members of the staff, we have suffered from an all-too-rapid turnover in some cases. The reasons have been mainly the exacting nature of the work and the low wages.”
From the 2nd annual report, 1946-47, for the 2nd year of operation at Bell Island, there was a staff of 14.
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51: “Unfortunately no replacement was obtainable for one of the teachers who resigned in June. Obviously the remaining [academic] teacher could not do justice to a group of boys so retarded [in their education].”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52: “Due to the scarcity of teachers we were obliged to carry on with only one [academic teacher], who obviously could not do justice to a group of boys so retarded [in their education]. The situation was greatly eased by the voluntary effort of the Matron, Mrs. J. Brown, who was formerly a teacher. She took the lower grades in a separate room for individual instruction for one period every morning until the school building was destroyed by fire, when she was forced to discontinue for lack of suitable space. …While we have been fortunate in retaining the services of certain members of the staff, we have suffered from an all-too-rapid turnover in some cases. The reasons have been mainly the exacting nature of the work and the low wages.”
Health Care
From the beginning of the operation on Bell Island in January 1945, Dr. Templeman was the medical officer to the institution, aided by other DOSCO Company doctors and nurses as the need arose. In the second annual report, their contribution was elaborated on:
“Dr. Walter Templeman is medical officer to the Training School....Apart from a professional interest, he has maintained a real social interest in our work. In the absence of Dr. Templeman from the community, Dr. Crummey has undertaken to give the same efficient service. Reporting on his regular inspections of the institution, our medical officer, while realizing our difficulties at times in the matter of sleeping accommodation, has recommended unreservedly that in view of the overcrowding in our dormitories we should either limit our admissions or request additional temporary quarters for sleeping accommodation.”
From the annual report for the 3rd year, 1947-48:
“All newly admitted boys are examined by our medical officer, Dr. W. Templeman, including X-ray examinations of the chest in each case with a follow-up routine examination where necessary. We cannot speak too highly of the excellent service rendered throughout the year by Dr. Templeman. In his absence, Drs. Crummey and Lawton have undertaken to give the same measure of satisfaction. Dr. Giovannetti attended to the necessary dental treatment.”
“In my annual report for 1946-47 special reference was made in regard to the insufficient sleeping accommodation for the number of boys in residence at that time. On several occasions since, our medical officer has reminded us of this matter, particularly during the past months when our maximum number of boys in residence reached 53. We have space for a maximum of 36 boys although even with that number our sanitary facilities are insufficient.”
From the annual report for the 4th year, 1948-49:
“All minor illnesses and injuries received immediate attention by the medical officer, Dr. W. Templeman. The splendid interest he has maintained in the health of the boys is evidenced by the fact that the general health of the boys has been so well preserved. We are fortunate in having his services. In his absence Dr. Crummey undertakes to attend to this work in the same efficient manner. The Public Health nurse, Mrs. LeDrew, has always co-operated in rendering any assistance necessary. Dental care is referred to our local dentist, Dr. Giovannetti, who likewise has given good service.”
From the annual report for the 5th year, 1949-50:
“As usual, the boys received constant medical care both at Bell Island and Whitbourne, under the guidance of Doctors Templeman and Newhook respectively....not forgetting the assistance of Public Health Nurses, of Mrs. Cherry, M.B.E. of Markland Hospital, of Mrs. LeDrew of Bell Island and of Doctor Dawe of Bell Island who substituted for Dr. Templeman during his absence....During the winter, some 45 boys in residence on Bell Island were included in the community-wide tuberculosis survey. Those who showed a positive reaction to the patch-test were X-rayed and were reported to be negative...Most of the boys show a steady increase in weight....As in the past, dental treatments were referred to the local dentist, Dr. Giovannetti.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The health of the boys has been remarkably good throughout the year. The improvement in their general physical appearance after they have been at the institution for only a short period is indicative of the value of regular habits and good food in the development of physically strong bodies. We can only hope that their mental health develops correspondingly.”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“The health of the boys was excellent throughout the year.”
“Dr. Walter Templeman is medical officer to the Training School....Apart from a professional interest, he has maintained a real social interest in our work. In the absence of Dr. Templeman from the community, Dr. Crummey has undertaken to give the same efficient service. Reporting on his regular inspections of the institution, our medical officer, while realizing our difficulties at times in the matter of sleeping accommodation, has recommended unreservedly that in view of the overcrowding in our dormitories we should either limit our admissions or request additional temporary quarters for sleeping accommodation.”
From the annual report for the 3rd year, 1947-48:
“All newly admitted boys are examined by our medical officer, Dr. W. Templeman, including X-ray examinations of the chest in each case with a follow-up routine examination where necessary. We cannot speak too highly of the excellent service rendered throughout the year by Dr. Templeman. In his absence, Drs. Crummey and Lawton have undertaken to give the same measure of satisfaction. Dr. Giovannetti attended to the necessary dental treatment.”
“In my annual report for 1946-47 special reference was made in regard to the insufficient sleeping accommodation for the number of boys in residence at that time. On several occasions since, our medical officer has reminded us of this matter, particularly during the past months when our maximum number of boys in residence reached 53. We have space for a maximum of 36 boys although even with that number our sanitary facilities are insufficient.”
From the annual report for the 4th year, 1948-49:
“All minor illnesses and injuries received immediate attention by the medical officer, Dr. W. Templeman. The splendid interest he has maintained in the health of the boys is evidenced by the fact that the general health of the boys has been so well preserved. We are fortunate in having his services. In his absence Dr. Crummey undertakes to attend to this work in the same efficient manner. The Public Health nurse, Mrs. LeDrew, has always co-operated in rendering any assistance necessary. Dental care is referred to our local dentist, Dr. Giovannetti, who likewise has given good service.”
From the annual report for the 5th year, 1949-50:
“As usual, the boys received constant medical care both at Bell Island and Whitbourne, under the guidance of Doctors Templeman and Newhook respectively....not forgetting the assistance of Public Health Nurses, of Mrs. Cherry, M.B.E. of Markland Hospital, of Mrs. LeDrew of Bell Island and of Doctor Dawe of Bell Island who substituted for Dr. Templeman during his absence....During the winter, some 45 boys in residence on Bell Island were included in the community-wide tuberculosis survey. Those who showed a positive reaction to the patch-test were X-rayed and were reported to be negative...Most of the boys show a steady increase in weight....As in the past, dental treatments were referred to the local dentist, Dr. Giovannetti.”
From the 6th annual report, 1950-51:
“The health of the boys has been remarkably good throughout the year. The improvement in their general physical appearance after they have been at the institution for only a short period is indicative of the value of regular habits and good food in the development of physically strong bodies. We can only hope that their mental health develops correspondingly.”
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52:
“The health of the boys was excellent throughout the year.”
Volunteer Contributions
From the 2nd annual report, 1946-47, volunteer contributions to the Home were mentioned for the first time:
“...special mention to Mr. Arthur Johnson and other members of the St. John’s Rotary Club for continuing to provide games and equipment, books, magazines, Coca-Cola, etc. as well as a handsome cash donation towards our Christmas tree. The Bell Island Christmas Fund Committee also merit our sincere thanks for remembering our boys at Christmas.”
From the 3rd annual report, 1947-48:
“Deserving of special mention for his valuable assistance in regular instructions in music, singing and dramatics, is Mr. E. Russell, Welfare Officer for this area. This splendid piece of voluntary service on his part is highly appreciated by all. ...Special treats were arranged during the year and we are indeed grateful to Mrs. (Dr.) Templeman who is deserving of special mention for her continued interest in our welfare. To the Bell Island ladies who arranged a social evening for the boys, as well as the members of the St. John’s Rotary Club, the Bell Island Christmas Fund Committee, we offer our sincere thanks.”
From the 4th annual report, 1948-49:
Appreciation: “Our report would not be complete without referring to the generosity of the friends of this Institution...To Mrs. (Dr.) Templeman who on many occasions during the year made a special treat available...Others from Bell Island such as the United Church Young People’s Union, L.O.A., Christmas Fund Committee of B.I., Salvation Army Corps, the pupils of Jackson Memorial School, Rev. T. J. Pitt, Mrs. Hammond of St. John’s, and the Prince’s Theatre, are deserving of special mention...I fully appreciate the co-operation and assistance rendered this Institution by Sergeant Hollett and his police staff during the year, and likewise by Constable Randell of Whitbourne. [Note: this is the first time the police are mentioned in these reports.]
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52: “Due to the scarcity of teachers we were obliged to carry on with only one [academic teacher], who obviously could not do justice to a group of boys so retarded [in their education]. The situation was greatly eased by the voluntary effort of the Matron, Mrs. J. Brown, who was formerly a teacher. She took the lower grades in a separate room for individual instruction for one period every morning until the school building was destroyed by fire, when she was forced to discontinue for lack of suitable space.”
From the 8th annual report, 1952-53:
“On several occasions the Kiwanis Club of Bell Island provided entertainment. At Christmas, Rotary assisted in providing gifts for the tree and the Christian League. Fort Pepperrell sent 10 pairs of boots and skates which made it possible for every boy to be on the ice at the same time. Magazines from various people have been received.”
“...special mention to Mr. Arthur Johnson and other members of the St. John’s Rotary Club for continuing to provide games and equipment, books, magazines, Coca-Cola, etc. as well as a handsome cash donation towards our Christmas tree. The Bell Island Christmas Fund Committee also merit our sincere thanks for remembering our boys at Christmas.”
From the 3rd annual report, 1947-48:
“Deserving of special mention for his valuable assistance in regular instructions in music, singing and dramatics, is Mr. E. Russell, Welfare Officer for this area. This splendid piece of voluntary service on his part is highly appreciated by all. ...Special treats were arranged during the year and we are indeed grateful to Mrs. (Dr.) Templeman who is deserving of special mention for her continued interest in our welfare. To the Bell Island ladies who arranged a social evening for the boys, as well as the members of the St. John’s Rotary Club, the Bell Island Christmas Fund Committee, we offer our sincere thanks.”
From the 4th annual report, 1948-49:
Appreciation: “Our report would not be complete without referring to the generosity of the friends of this Institution...To Mrs. (Dr.) Templeman who on many occasions during the year made a special treat available...Others from Bell Island such as the United Church Young People’s Union, L.O.A., Christmas Fund Committee of B.I., Salvation Army Corps, the pupils of Jackson Memorial School, Rev. T. J. Pitt, Mrs. Hammond of St. John’s, and the Prince’s Theatre, are deserving of special mention...I fully appreciate the co-operation and assistance rendered this Institution by Sergeant Hollett and his police staff during the year, and likewise by Constable Randell of Whitbourne. [Note: this is the first time the police are mentioned in these reports.]
From the 7th annual report, 1951-52: “Due to the scarcity of teachers we were obliged to carry on with only one [academic teacher], who obviously could not do justice to a group of boys so retarded [in their education]. The situation was greatly eased by the voluntary effort of the Matron, Mrs. J. Brown, who was formerly a teacher. She took the lower grades in a separate room for individual instruction for one period every morning until the school building was destroyed by fire, when she was forced to discontinue for lack of suitable space.”
From the 8th annual report, 1952-53:
“On several occasions the Kiwanis Club of Bell Island provided entertainment. At Christmas, Rotary assisted in providing gifts for the tree and the Christian League. Fort Pepperrell sent 10 pairs of boots and skates which made it possible for every boy to be on the ice at the same time. Magazines from various people have been received.”
Juvenile Delinquency Statistics in Newfoundland in 1954
From the 9th annual report, 1953-54 [the Boys’ Home was no longer operating at Bell Island, having been moved completely back to Whitbourne by January 1953]:
“As of January 1954, the estimated population of juveniles between the ages of 8 and 16 in Newfoundland was 41,754 boys and 40,805 girls. “The Incidence of Delinquency: An analysis of juveniles appearing in Court throughout the province” reveals that a total of 552 juvenile delinquents received supervision, either on probation or at a training school. 496 were boys and 56 were girls. The majority of the fathers of the involved children were absent from the home working.
Of the total [of delinquents under supervision]:
258 were from St. John’s and its suburbs, making up 42 % of the total cost;
124 were from [Central Nfld.], making up 14.4% of total cost;
69 were from the [Corner Brook area], making up 16.8% of total cost;
45 were from Conception Bay area, which included Bell Island, making up 7 % of the total cost. The greatest number from this area, 13 boys, were from Bell Island.
19 were from the West Coast area, making up 10.4 % of total cost.
“As of January 1954, the estimated population of juveniles between the ages of 8 and 16 in Newfoundland was 41,754 boys and 40,805 girls. “The Incidence of Delinquency: An analysis of juveniles appearing in Court throughout the province” reveals that a total of 552 juvenile delinquents received supervision, either on probation or at a training school. 496 were boys and 56 were girls. The majority of the fathers of the involved children were absent from the home working.
Of the total [of delinquents under supervision]:
258 were from St. John’s and its suburbs, making up 42 % of the total cost;
124 were from [Central Nfld.], making up 14.4% of total cost;
69 were from the [Corner Brook area], making up 16.8% of total cost;
45 were from Conception Bay area, which included Bell Island, making up 7 % of the total cost. The greatest number from this area, 13 boys, were from Bell Island.
19 were from the West Coast area, making up 10.4 % of total cost.
Reference Sources
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1946, Appendix B (Note: this is the first annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1946). Report signed by Superintendent J. C. Brown.
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1947 Appendix F (Note: this is the second annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1947).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1948 Appendix C (Note: this is the third annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1948).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1949 Appendix C (Note: this is the 4th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1949). Report signed by Superintendent J. C. Brown.
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1950 Appendix C (Note: this is the 5th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1950).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1951 (Note: this is the 6th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1951).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1952 (Note: this is the 7th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1952).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1953 (Note: this is the 8th annual report of the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1953).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1954 (Note: this is the 9th annual report of the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1954).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1947 Appendix F (Note: this is the second annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1947).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1948 Appendix C (Note: this is the third annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1948).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1949 Appendix C (Note: this is the 4th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1949). Report signed by Superintendent J. C. Brown.
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Health and Welfare Division of Child Welfare. Annual Report of the Director of Child Welfare for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1950 Appendix C (Note: this is the 5th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 745 N3 A7 1950).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1951 (Note: this is the 6th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1951).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1952 (Note: this is the 7th annual report for the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1952).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1953 (Note: this is the 8th annual report of the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1953).
Newfoundland. Dept. of Public Welfare. Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1954 (Note: this is the 9th annual report of the Boys’ Home) (Held at MUN Library, CNS: Nfld. HV 109 N11 1954).