HISTORY
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
The Town of Wabana
The Town of Wabana was incorporated on August 29, 1950. Before 1949, less than two dozen municipalities in Newfoundland were incorporated. Following Confederation with Canada, new Government assistance programs for incorporated towns was the deciding factor for the incorporation of many towns wishing to finance expensive projects such as water and sewer systems and road paving.
The name Wabana was taken from the name that Thomas Cantley had given the mining operation when mining got started in the summer of 1895. This was fitting because the town boundaries took in the area of the mine locations.
The name Wabana was taken from the name that Thomas Cantley had given the mining operation when mining got started in the summer of 1895. This was fitting because the town boundaries took in the area of the mine locations.
The newspaper clipping above is from the Daily News Year End Review, Dec. 31, 1959. It shows the first Wabana Town Council Office located in the former DOSCO Survey Office, which is still standing, on Town Square where it meets No. 2 Road.
The following information about the Wabana Town Council's first seven years is from "Wabana Bell Island: Report on the Municipal Plan, January 1958" by Canadian-British Engineering Consultants, Halifax, Nova Scotia. In July, 1956, the consulting firm had been contracted by the Town of Wabana to work in cooperation with the Provincial Town Planning Authority and Dominion Wabana Ore Limited in planning "revisions and authorized extensions to the Townsite of Wabana."(This was at the culmination of DOSCO's 22-million-dollar expansion and modernization program for Wabana Mines when all was looking rosy for a bright future for Bell Island. Alas, by the time the report was presented in 1958, things were already starting to turn in the wrong direction for the mines. Closures started in 1959 with No. 6 Mine, continued in 1962 with No. 4 Mine, and concluded in 1966 with No. 3 Mine.)
The Town of Wabana was incorporated on August 29, 1950. Its boundary was drawn along the line of brooks [going south to Main Brook] and took in all the area around the mines, which included the bulk of the Island's population. A year or two later, the boundary was extended on petition to include the Mercer Street-Memorial Street Area.
Before the incorporation of the municipality, no form of local government existed. There were only a few local road boards to deal with the maintenance of certain roads. Education was managed by the various religious denominations, public health and some of the main road systems by the provincial government, and policing by the R.C.M.P.
The main services provided by the Council are [in 1958] garbage and waste removal, road maintenance including snow removal, street lighting, and fire protection. The Council also employs a full-time police officer. The provision of a municipal water supply and sewerage system has been one of the main concerns of the Council since its early days.
In 1957, the bulk of the Council's revenue comes from Provincial Government grants. The Municipal Service Fee comprises a poll tax of only $7.50 per year for residents of the town, and $5.00 per year for residents of Bell Island living outside the boundaries of the Town, but employed within the Municipality. There is no tradition of tax payment, and difficulty is experienced in collecting even this small sum. The business tax is limited to $1,000 per year so that an important industry such as the Mining Company is required to pay no more than this.
Of Bell Island's total population of approximately 12,000 [in 1957], about 8,000 live within the Municipal boundaries. Approximate population figures for each area are:
In Wabana:
Central Area 3,600
The Green 1,150
West Mines 1,100 [from Scotia Road to Ford Street on south side of West Mines Road]
West No. 1 700 [Scotia No. 1, ie. north side of West Mines Road]
The Valley 450
Middleton Ave & Butlerville 450
Total 7,950 approx. 8,000
Outside Wabana, but within Area of Planning Control:
East End 400
The Front 1,200
Area West of Dominion East
Tramway [now Steve Neary Blvd] 900
Total 2,500 2,500
Outside Area of Planning Control [ie. Lance Cove to Freshwater] 1,400
(Census 1956: 11,724) Total Bell Island 11,900
Transportation in 1957:
In 1957, apart from a school bus service, there was no regular bus service, only an "occasional" bus that ran from Town Square to the west of the Island, but it had no fixed schedule.
There were about 12 taxis on the Island. The charge per passenger from the ferry landing to "the town" was 50 cents.
There is an hourly ferry service between Portugal Cove and the Island, taking 20 minutes, operated by the Newfoundland Transportation Company, with two vessels: Elmer Jones and Kipowa carrying about 20 and 6 vehicles respectively, as well as passengers. The charge for a heavy truck loaded is $14,00 and this is reflected in the increased price of goods on the Island. Inclement weather may prevent a crossing and in 1957 frozen seas interrupted the service for several weeks.
There is no regular air service, but a flight by helicopter from Torbay Airport near St. John's to the Playing Field in the centre of the town takes 10 minutes.
Utility Services in 1957:
Electric power is supplied both for industrial and domestic consumption by the Newfoundland Light and Power Co. Ltd. through three submarine cables from St. Philips (on the main coast 3 miles distant) to a substation at Dominion Pier. From there, overhead lines carry the power all over the Island.
Telephone service is provided by Avalon Telephone Company and covers the Island. Overhead wiring shares the electricity poles. An automatic exchange is being installed to replace the present call system.
Water for industrial and fire protection purposes is obtained by the mining company from its 20,000,000 gallon reservoir at West Dam in the centre of the Island, and by pumping from sumps in the Mine slopes. For its domestic supply, the Company has three deep-wells drilled to a maximum depth of 950 feet, from which approximately 150,000 gallons of water per day are pumped and distributed through a system of 4-inch mains. These are designed to supply Company-owned Staff houses, dryhouses and office buildings, but many unauthorized private connections have also been made. Most of the houses on the Green and in Bennett Street and the Company-built houses at Scotia Ridge and the Dominion Ranges have this water supply.
Regarding sewerage, there is no existing sewerage system. Buildings are served either by privies or by cesspools or septic tanks. Some Company-owned buildings are connected in groups to communal septic tanks. Owing to the lack of topsoil in the area of the town, and its general impermeability of the subsoil, existing conditions are a matter of concern to the health authorities.
Regarding garbage disposal, the town dump used to be situated on open fields immediately to the east of the Green. After complaints from the inhabitants of the nuisance and of the danger from burning debris blown by the wind, in 1957, the dump was moved to abandoned cuttings in the extreme northeast of the Island, where it is periodically covered with rock rubble. There are other cuttings west of No. 6 Mine also suitable for the purpose, and it is also intended to use the cuttings between the Green and Central area while they are being back-filled by the Company.
The following information about the Wabana Town Council's first seven years is from "Wabana Bell Island: Report on the Municipal Plan, January 1958" by Canadian-British Engineering Consultants, Halifax, Nova Scotia. In July, 1956, the consulting firm had been contracted by the Town of Wabana to work in cooperation with the Provincial Town Planning Authority and Dominion Wabana Ore Limited in planning "revisions and authorized extensions to the Townsite of Wabana."(This was at the culmination of DOSCO's 22-million-dollar expansion and modernization program for Wabana Mines when all was looking rosy for a bright future for Bell Island. Alas, by the time the report was presented in 1958, things were already starting to turn in the wrong direction for the mines. Closures started in 1959 with No. 6 Mine, continued in 1962 with No. 4 Mine, and concluded in 1966 with No. 3 Mine.)
The Town of Wabana was incorporated on August 29, 1950. Its boundary was drawn along the line of brooks [going south to Main Brook] and took in all the area around the mines, which included the bulk of the Island's population. A year or two later, the boundary was extended on petition to include the Mercer Street-Memorial Street Area.
Before the incorporation of the municipality, no form of local government existed. There were only a few local road boards to deal with the maintenance of certain roads. Education was managed by the various religious denominations, public health and some of the main road systems by the provincial government, and policing by the R.C.M.P.
The main services provided by the Council are [in 1958] garbage and waste removal, road maintenance including snow removal, street lighting, and fire protection. The Council also employs a full-time police officer. The provision of a municipal water supply and sewerage system has been one of the main concerns of the Council since its early days.
In 1957, the bulk of the Council's revenue comes from Provincial Government grants. The Municipal Service Fee comprises a poll tax of only $7.50 per year for residents of the town, and $5.00 per year for residents of Bell Island living outside the boundaries of the Town, but employed within the Municipality. There is no tradition of tax payment, and difficulty is experienced in collecting even this small sum. The business tax is limited to $1,000 per year so that an important industry such as the Mining Company is required to pay no more than this.
Of Bell Island's total population of approximately 12,000 [in 1957], about 8,000 live within the Municipal boundaries. Approximate population figures for each area are:
In Wabana:
Central Area 3,600
The Green 1,150
West Mines 1,100 [from Scotia Road to Ford Street on south side of West Mines Road]
West No. 1 700 [Scotia No. 1, ie. north side of West Mines Road]
The Valley 450
Middleton Ave & Butlerville 450
Total 7,950 approx. 8,000
Outside Wabana, but within Area of Planning Control:
East End 400
The Front 1,200
Area West of Dominion East
Tramway [now Steve Neary Blvd] 900
Total 2,500 2,500
Outside Area of Planning Control [ie. Lance Cove to Freshwater] 1,400
(Census 1956: 11,724) Total Bell Island 11,900
Transportation in 1957:
In 1957, apart from a school bus service, there was no regular bus service, only an "occasional" bus that ran from Town Square to the west of the Island, but it had no fixed schedule.
There were about 12 taxis on the Island. The charge per passenger from the ferry landing to "the town" was 50 cents.
There is an hourly ferry service between Portugal Cove and the Island, taking 20 minutes, operated by the Newfoundland Transportation Company, with two vessels: Elmer Jones and Kipowa carrying about 20 and 6 vehicles respectively, as well as passengers. The charge for a heavy truck loaded is $14,00 and this is reflected in the increased price of goods on the Island. Inclement weather may prevent a crossing and in 1957 frozen seas interrupted the service for several weeks.
There is no regular air service, but a flight by helicopter from Torbay Airport near St. John's to the Playing Field in the centre of the town takes 10 minutes.
Utility Services in 1957:
Electric power is supplied both for industrial and domestic consumption by the Newfoundland Light and Power Co. Ltd. through three submarine cables from St. Philips (on the main coast 3 miles distant) to a substation at Dominion Pier. From there, overhead lines carry the power all over the Island.
Telephone service is provided by Avalon Telephone Company and covers the Island. Overhead wiring shares the electricity poles. An automatic exchange is being installed to replace the present call system.
Water for industrial and fire protection purposes is obtained by the mining company from its 20,000,000 gallon reservoir at West Dam in the centre of the Island, and by pumping from sumps in the Mine slopes. For its domestic supply, the Company has three deep-wells drilled to a maximum depth of 950 feet, from which approximately 150,000 gallons of water per day are pumped and distributed through a system of 4-inch mains. These are designed to supply Company-owned Staff houses, dryhouses and office buildings, but many unauthorized private connections have also been made. Most of the houses on the Green and in Bennett Street and the Company-built houses at Scotia Ridge and the Dominion Ranges have this water supply.
Regarding sewerage, there is no existing sewerage system. Buildings are served either by privies or by cesspools or septic tanks. Some Company-owned buildings are connected in groups to communal septic tanks. Owing to the lack of topsoil in the area of the town, and its general impermeability of the subsoil, existing conditions are a matter of concern to the health authorities.
Regarding garbage disposal, the town dump used to be situated on open fields immediately to the east of the Green. After complaints from the inhabitants of the nuisance and of the danger from burning debris blown by the wind, in 1957, the dump was moved to abandoned cuttings in the extreme northeast of the Island, where it is periodically covered with rock rubble. There are other cuttings west of No. 6 Mine also suitable for the purpose, and it is also intended to use the cuttings between the Green and Central area while they are being back-filled by the Company.
Timeline of Mayors of the Town of Wabana
September 1950 to July 1955: Max Hutchings
July 1955 to November 1965: Dr. Walter Templeman
November 1965 to April 1966: Brian Murphy
May 1966 to November 1966: Bernard Downey
November 1966-May 1967: ?
May 1967 to September 1967: Max Boone
September 1967 to January 1968: ?
January 1968 to November 1973: Frank Pendergast
November 1973 to November 1974: Raymond Gendreau
November 1974-November 1977: ?
November 1977 to July 1980: Frank Pendergast
July 1980 to January 1981: Edward Murphy
February 1981 to November 1981: Maria Dwyer
November 1981 to September 1983: Peter Kent
September 1983 to August 1987: Dr. Walter Tucker
August 1987 to April 1993: Kevin McCarthy
April 1993 to November 1993: Charles Brown
November 1993 to September 1995: Ambrose Rose
September 1995 to present: Gary Gosine
Source: Town of Wabana website (July 2020)
July 1955 to November 1965: Dr. Walter Templeman
November 1965 to April 1966: Brian Murphy
May 1966 to November 1966: Bernard Downey
November 1966-May 1967: ?
May 1967 to September 1967: Max Boone
September 1967 to January 1968: ?
January 1968 to November 1973: Frank Pendergast
November 1973 to November 1974: Raymond Gendreau
November 1974-November 1977: ?
November 1977 to July 1980: Frank Pendergast
July 1980 to January 1981: Edward Murphy
February 1981 to November 1981: Maria Dwyer
November 1981 to September 1983: Peter Kent
September 1983 to August 1987: Dr. Walter Tucker
August 1987 to April 1993: Kevin McCarthy
April 1993 to November 1993: Charles Brown
November 1993 to September 1995: Ambrose Rose
September 1995 to present: Gary Gosine
Source: Town of Wabana website (July 2020)
Some things of note:
The area of Bell Island that took in the No. 3, No. 6 and No. 2 Mines and Town Square was often referred to during the mining years as "The Mines." People who lived at The Front of the Island would use the phrase "going in to The Mines" when they were telling someone they were going to the business district to shop or visit a doctor, or going to visit someone who lived in that general area.
In the 1921 Census, "The Mines" generally referred to the neighbourhoods that took in The Green and The Valley to the north, Scotia Ridge and Ten Commandments Range to the west, Armoury Road and Main Street to the East, and anything north of the Main Brook.
In the 1935 Census, Scotia Ridge and The Valley area were listed separately from the areas listed as "The Mines."
West Mines was listed separately in both.
The area of Bell Island that took in the No. 3, No. 6 and No. 2 Mines and Town Square was often referred to during the mining years as "The Mines." People who lived at The Front of the Island would use the phrase "going in to The Mines" when they were telling someone they were going to the business district to shop or visit a doctor, or going to visit someone who lived in that general area.
In the 1921 Census, "The Mines" generally referred to the neighbourhoods that took in The Green and The Valley to the north, Scotia Ridge and Ten Commandments Range to the west, Armoury Road and Main Street to the East, and anything north of the Main Brook.
In the 1935 Census, Scotia Ridge and The Valley area were listed separately from the areas listed as "The Mines."
West Mines was listed separately in both.